SOPHIE STEPHENSON
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The fiddle world of Alasdair Fraser

13/5/2013

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“Let me open the gates and let you into my fiddle world...”  
That was Alasdair Fraser last week in Benbecula, for the University of the Highlands and Islands' symposium and workshop on Scottish fiddle music. Alasdair shared with us a world of multilingualism and diversity through the sound of the fiddle, which has the capacity for a plurality of voices - a mouth piece of many communities each speaking in their native language. The story of the fiddle is also one of travel, emigration and cultural exchange. At the concert in the evening, Alasdair and Natalie took us on a journey which crossed oceans and traversed languages, with the tune Highlander's Farewell to Ireland beginning as a an old, Highland strathspey, which crosses over to Ireland and becomes a reel (Farewell to Ireland), and then ends up in the Appalachian mountains (Highlander's Farwell). As Natalie and Alasdair brought together these different styles, we heard the meeting of cultures and the conversation between peoples, as the music took on the characteristics of the places and cultures it has encountered along its journey.
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Natalie Haas, Sophie Stephenson and Alasdair Fraser. Benbecula, Scotland (May 2013).
    At the fiddle workshop, Alasdair encouraged us to find our voice, and to not be ashamed to “speak” (play) in our mother tongue – our local dialect. Using this linguistic metaphor to express character, style and individualism in fiddle music, he expressed the importance of having confidence, pride and a sense of worth in our own culture, our language and in the voice of our nation. Alasdair himself has had a large part to play in bringing Scottish fiddle music to people in Scotland, America and across the globe. With fiddle schools in California and at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig on Skye, now in their third decade and attracting ever growing numbers of fiddlers and cellists, Alasdair has had a considerable influence in the resurgence of fiddle music, which accounts for the strength and vibrancy of the traditional music scene today.
    When I first met Alasdair Fraser and Natalie Haas it was at their fiddle and cello summer school on the Isle of Skye. Alasdair was explaining to the group of fiddlers how playing style and technique goes hand in hand with dance. He asked if anyone amongst us was a Highland dancer, and before I knew it, he had me up on my feet and doing the Highland Fling to thetune 'Devil in the Kitchen'. Then, discovering I could also step-dance, he played the same strathspey, but this time, instead of the slow and pointed fashion suited to Highland dancing, he played it rounder and up-tempo in a Cape Breton style, for me to step-dance. Despite the fact that I had been part of the tradition for some years, Alasdair was the first person to really make me aware of the different ways tunes have evolved. My eyes and ears were opened to the various dance traditions in Scotland which, despite sharing a common repertoire, dictated very different approaches to voice and style in music.
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Alasdair Fraser Fiddle School at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, Isle of Skye, (July 2010)
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Sabhal Mòr Ostaig, Isle of Skye, (July 2010)
    Last week, I caught up with Alasdair for a chat about the relationship between dancer and musician and his top tips for keeping dancers on their feet. We discussed how jigs, strathspeys, reels, waltzes, which make up a big part of the repertoire of Scottish fiddle music, are essentially dance tunes, or tunes for dancing to, and how important is it that musicians have an awareness of the dance traditions in Scotland when they are learning the tunes. We also discussed his own journey in the world of Scottish fiddle music and he reflected of the sense of oneness which can be created as the bow of the fiddler engages with the feet of dancers and they resonate together. You can listen to the interview below.
“When I look at our music – any music – one of the first things I think about is 'how would people move to this?' […] When you get into jigs, reels, the hornpipe, strathspeys, the scottiche, the Highland fling – and all the different ways that we dance in Scotland – those movements have evolved along with the style of the music and they inform the fiddler's bow arm. So, to play a dance tune without ever having seen how people are supposed to move to it, is to cut off a major artery into your music […] To answer that question 'how do I bow this?' I go to the dance floor. And there, right there, are many answers - the dancers are telling you how to bow it. They are telling you that they will respond in a certain way if you give them what they need. And, in order to give them what they need, you need to start bowing in a certain way […] In many cases there is a one to one correspondence between the fiddler's bow arm and the dancers' feet, so you almost feel like a choreographer. If you are bowing and the whole ballroom is moving to your bow, it is one of the great highs of playing traditional music”  - Alasdair Fraser (2013).
Here is a video of Nic Gareiss dancing with Alasdair at his camp Valley of the Moon in California. 
    This left me thinking: as the function of the music changes from music for dancing to music for listening, do the dance traditions themselves have any relevance in this new context? Perhaps, as Alasdair and Natalie unveil their inner groove on the music, and let their bows be driven by creativity of rhythm and spontaneity of improvisation, perhaps this calls for dance forms which too are free from any constraints and embrace, full heartedly, creativity of sound, movement and rhythm?

    One man who is leading the way in this endeavour is foot percussion sensation Nic Gareiss from America. Look out for my next blog post where you will be able to hear more about Nic and his recent collaboration with the Campbells of Greepe. Also an interview with Mary Ann Kennedy and Nic Gareiss discussing the relationship between language, song and dance.
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10 Questions on Step-dancing... by Sophie Stephenson.

2/5/2013

5 Comments

 
Whilst studying towards a degree in Scottish Ethnology, I did research into the step-dance tradition in Scotland and in Cape Breton as part of an Emigrant Traditions course at the School of Scottish Studies. As part of the research I sent out questionnaires to many step-dancers, to explore the evolution of the tradition and the similarities/differences between the transmission and performance of step-dance in these two places. My informants included Dawn Beaton, Mary Janet MacDonald, David Rankin, Tara Rankin, Mats Melin, Nic Gareiss, Michelle Greenwell, Abbie MacQuarrie, Seonag Buxton and Deirdre Graham.  The most striking, yet inevitable, difference between the traditions in these two contexts was that in Cape Breton, for the most part, step-dance is still learned and passed on in family and community setting. Whereas, in Scotland, step-dance exists in a revivalist context with learning and teaching environments which are, in most cases, formalised classes or workshops.  

As I'm a step-dancer myself, I of course would have my own responses to these questions and I thought it would be interesting for me to share them with you here...

1. How were you first introduced to step dance? Where/from whom did you learn to dance?How were you first introduced to step dance? Where/from whom did you learn to dance?

I was first introduced to step-dance aged 10 when I saw a performance by Harvey Beaton and Buddy MacMaster in Inverness (Scotland). After taking some classes at my local Fèis, the following year I attended a course with Harvey Beaton (Cape Breton) and Donal Brown (Scotland) at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig on the Isle of Skye. Following that I attended Fèisean where I learnt from Frank McConnell, Deirdre Graham and Jane MacNeil. and laterly Margie Beaton at Ceolas. 

2. Do you have a background in dance or any other cultural forms (music, song)? If so then what style of dance and did you have any formal training?

I started going to dance classes in Fort Augustus from the age of two! I did Ballet, Highland and Tap with Mrs Everett until I was 15. Every year I would sit an exam. When I started to learn step-dance it came very naturally, almost instinctively. The freedom and creativity of step-dance contrasted my formal dance training and it's exam focused structure. I would practise whenever I could – I would come home from school and put on a CD and dance along, trying out steps and making up new ones. Sometimes if I was listening to the radio, a CD or at a concert I couldn't help but shuffle my feet under my chair! Growing up in the Highlands, ceilidhs, sessions and attending Fèisean were a regular feature of my childhood and upbringing. Also, musicians would often gather at my parents' hotel and I would get to stay up way past my bed time to listen and join in with musicians such as Aonghas Grant - The left-handed fiddler of Lochaber! 
"Growing up in the Highland with ceilidhs, sessions and Fèisean, meant that music and dance was a regular feature of my childhood and upbringing..." 
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A session at the Caledonian Hotel, Fort Augustus. Rona Cooper (fiddle), Christina Stephenson (bodhran), Sophie Stephenson (guitar), Rebecca Skeoch (clarsach).

3. On what occasions/ in what contexts do you usually perform? Do you usually perform as a solo dancer or with other dancers?

As there weren't really any other step-dancers around when I was growing up, there weren't many opportunities to step-dance with others except from at workshops. I tend to dance at sessions or perform at concerts or ceilidhs. 
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Above: Step-dancing in the Caledonian Hotel, Fort Augustus.

Left: Impromptu step-dancing at the Captain's Bar in Edinburgh

4. Is there a particular type of footwear which you chose to wear for dancing?

PictureDancing feet!
When I was younger I would always wear my school shoes for dancing. This would be my pre-requisite for buying new school shoes and I would end up dancing in the shop to try them out! A few years ago, I did tap dancing in a production of the musical 'Thoroughly Modern Millie' and, after buying tap shoes for the show, I started wearing tap-shoes for step-dancing. This is good for concerts because the taps amplify the steps and give a crisp, clear sound. However, I am always on the look out for a good pair of leather-soled shoes for more intimate settings and accompanying puirt-a-beul for example. Also, leather-soled shoes give me a better sense of contact with the floor and a range of percussive sounds and tone which you don't get with taps. 

5. What, in your opinion, are the signs of a ‘good dancer’?

To me, a good dancer is someone with good rhythm and timing, who can respond to the music in their steps. 

My exposure to other step-dancers has come as much from watching youtube videos as from meeting individual dancers. For some reason the dancers I get most enjoyment out of watching are the older dancers. Although I couldn't put my finger on it, I think it has something to do with the laid-back, natural way they dance and how they appear “in tune” with the fiddler. They select and combine steps to fit with the rhythm and, although they may be visually in the forefront, their steps produce a sound which complements the tune and becomes part of the music rather than upstaging it. 

Here is an example of Rodney MacDonald step dancing at the 50th anniversary Glendale Ceilidh with Howie MacDonald on keyboard, Glenn Graham on fiddle and Sandy MacDonald on guitar. Watch how his "off the cuff" steps follow the melody of the tune very closely. I particularly like the seamless cross-over between the strathspey and the reel at 0:45 on the video... 

6. How important is music to the performance? Are there any tunes in particular which you prefer or would select to dance to?

Music is very important. It is the rhythmic relationship between the musician and the dancer which makes dancing so enjoyable for me. Although there are some tunes which are typical for step-dancing I enjoy dancing to most tunes. The older tunes with a strong pulse seem to fit best with some of the traditional steps but I also quite like trying out new steps to fit modern, “quirky” fiddle and pipe tunes. With strathspeys, however, I find that when the tunes are played slow and pointed (in a style more suited to country dance or Highland dancing) the steps have to be altered in a way that they loose their drive and punchy rhythm.    

7. When you perform do you usually follow a certain routine or pattern/combination of steps?

It depends. If I'm performing with others then we might choreograph a routine together. I also have certain steps which flow well into others, but, in general the order of steps are improvised on the spot to fit the music (like in the video to the left of me dancing at concert with Ross Ainslie, Tim Edey, Charlie McKerron and Marc Clement).

  

8. Would you say that you had a ‘repertoire’ of dance steps? Would you be able to put a number to how many steps that includes? How do you remember steps and identify individual steps?

Since I started teaching step-dance I have become more aware of a repertoire of steps, but even still I make steps up on the spot sometimes to teach my pupils and demonstrate how the essential movements (shuffle, hop, tap, heel click ect.) may be put together and combined in a multitude of different ways giving you endless possibilities for rhythmic combinations. I don't really have names for most of the steps but normally as long as I can remember the rhythm then I will remember the step.

9. Do you make up your own steps? How much space, do you feel, is there for variation and improvisation within the tradition? Have you ever tried/performed/considered combing ‘traditional’ step dance with other forms/styles of dance?

I make up steps all the time - sometimes there is a rhythm I want to make with my feet and other times it's off the cuff at a session. Creating new steps is simply borrowing letters from an alphabet we all share and combining them to make new expressions, in a sense. I've, very recently, begun to delve a wee bit into other percussive dance forms such as Appalachian Flat-footing and Sean Nos dancing. I would like to learn more about these styles, to extend my percussive vocabulary and open up further possibilities for steps and rhythmic combinations. I think there is always room for variation and improvisation within any tradition, as long as respect is paid towards the community and culture that nurtured that tradition. I think an important aspect of step-dance is the freedom it offers.

"Creating new steps is simply borrowing letters from an alphabet we all share and 


combining them to make new expressions"

For me, step-dance comes into it's own when someone get up for steps at a session or a ceilidh, alongside any other instrument. To “jam”, spontaneously, with the other musicians - without any prescriptions of what to clothes or footwear to have on, without exams or adjudicators. Just simply dance – for the love of the music!  

10. Why do you dance?

Because I love it! There is something about the physical interaction with music which gives me a buzz, it quite literally gets the heart bumping. I love listening to traditional music in all it's various forms – at concerts, on the radio, on my ipod – but often the tunes are calling out for us to move, dance, join in, engage with the music and with each other. Even just watching dance puts a smile on my face, if I'm not already on the dance floor myself!
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March 05th, 2013

5/3/2013

0 Comments

 
Last weekend I took the Highland Dancer in me out of retirement and went along to my first Highland Dance class in nearly eight years! It was good to feel myself invigorated by the exercise and know that I had not forgotten the steps that I had spend so many evenings practicing in my younger years. It was a stamina test for sure... my calf muscles have only just recovered! Being among very young, extremely agile, Highland dancers re-opened my eyes to the world of Highland Dancing and made me realise some of the striking differences between modern, competition dancing and the step-dancing tradition. I was in awe of the tremendous proficiency and ability of the dancers at so young and age but then it struck me that this was really a young persons activity, with those in their teens probably being at their peek as dancers. Secondly, the ultimate goal in perfecting the steps was towards competing in front of a judge which contrasted with the spirit of partaking which largely characterises step-dance when part of social dancing. 


What’s your experience of Highland Dancing? MacTV are researching competition dancing and would like to hear your insight from within the world of the Highland Dancer.
MacTV are currently carrying out research about Highland Dancing. We are looking for Highland Dancers competing at championship level to see if there is a good story to tell about the competing world of a Highland Dancer. We’d like to hear from Gaelic speaking dancers in particular, but we would welcome comments from anybody interested or involved in the world of Highland dance. If you are a competing Highland dancer, if you can suggest potential contributors or you think you can help us in anyway, please get in contact on 01851 70 5638 or e-mail me at [email protected]
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Traditional Dance and the Spectacle of "Authenticity"

11/12/2012

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‘...the allegiance of dancers and spectators to one music and dance sensibility or another serves as a specific means of representing, and even reconstructing, their cultural identity in relation to, or even as resistance to, the dominant cultural formation. Moreover, this struggle against presumed cultural intrusion by perceived “outside” influences has profound and disturbing socio-political effects […] this project has caused me to consider further the implications of tradition versus innovation and of authenticity in the context of spaces of affects and becomings.' 
Interestingly, I read this in a book about Cajun music and identity. It stuck me that this statement could very easily by talking about one of the various Scottish dance traditions (for example, Highland, Step or Scottish Country dancing) and their representation, or reconstruction, of our cultural identity. (This reminded me an insightful article by Margaret Bennett, in the West Highland Free Press, which is well worth a read: http://www.margaretbennett.co.uk/folklore-resources/dance).

For me, step-dance, as with any tradition, is a practice which has grown out of the past, but is, like our identity, in a constant process of becoming. I believe that through innovation and creativity which acknowledges these roots, tradition may grow, flourish and become. Conversely, the imposition of standardisation and competition goes against the very nature of tradition. As such, the competitive framework of Highland Dance performance has disrupted the natural course of 'becoming', by preserving a cultural identity constructed according to ideas of ethnic "authenticity". As both a Highland dancer and step-dancer myself, I don't say this to dismiss the equal worth of both traditions. However, I hope to impart the importance, not only of passing on the tradition but, of allowing the tradition to take the natural course of growth and regeneration. Let's look to the future! 

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    Sophie's Blog

    This blog is for all things dance related... I post videos, articles information and news, making it a great way to keep up with what's going on the the step-dancing world! If you have any news to share, or would like to contribute something to this blog, then feel free to send your blog post to [email protected] and I will put them up on the website!

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